John Quincy Adams II

John Quincy Adams II
John Quincy Adams II
	Adams as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Member of the ; Massachusetts House of Representatives; from the 6th Norfolk district
	In office; January 7, 1874 – January 5, 1875
Preceded by	James A. Stetson
Succeeded by	William A. Hodges
	In office; January 4, 1871 – January 2, 1872
Preceded by	Edmund B. Taylor
Succeeded by	Henry H. Faxon
	In office; January 1, 1868 – January 6, 1869
Preceded by	George Gill
Succeeded by	Henry Barker
	In office; January 3, 1866 – January 1, 1867
Preceded by	Henry H. Faxon
Succeeded by	George Gill
Personal details
Born	September 22, 1833; Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	August 14, 1894 (aged 60); Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Wollaston Cemetery, Quincy, Massachusetts
Political party	Republican (before 1867); Democratic (1867–94)
Spouse	Frances Cadwallader Crowninshield; (m. 1861)
Relations	Adams political family; Quincy political family;
Children	John; George; Charles III; Frances; Arthur; Abigail;
Parent(s)	Charles Francis Adams Sr.; Abigail Brown Brooks
Alma mater	Harvard University
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America (Union)
Branch/service	Massachusetts Militia
Years of service	1861–1865
Rank	Colonel
Unit	Staff of Governor John Albion Andrew
Battles/wars	American Civil War

John Quincy Adams II (September 22, 1833 – August 14, 1894) was an American politician who represented Quincy in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1866 to 1867, 1868 to 1869, 1871 to 1872, and from 1874 to 1875.

Adams served as a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War under Governor John Albion Andrew of Massachusetts. Later in life, he left the Republican Party in 1867 for the Democratic Party.

Early life

John Quincy Adams II was born on September 22, 1833, in Boston, Massachusetts, the second of seven children born to Charles Francis Adams Sr.^[1] and Abigail Brown Brooks.^[2]^[3]^[4]

He was a grandson of the 6th United States president, John Quincy Adams (his namesake), and a great-grandson of the 2nd president, John Adams. His maternal grandfather was shipping magnate Peter Chardon Brooks (1767–1849).^[5]

He graduated from Harvard University in 1853, studied law, and two years later was admitted to the Suffolk County bar,^[6] and practiced in Boston. He followed his profession for a short time, then, becoming interested in agriculture, he established an experimental model farm of five hundred acres near Quincy, Massachusetts.^[6]

Career

During the Civil War he served as an aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor John Albion Andrew, first as a lieutenant colonel, and later as a colonel.^[7] During the war his duties included visiting Massachusetts units in the field and providing the governor status reports on their condition. In 1862, he made inspection visits to several Massachusetts units operating in North Carolina.^[8]

Adams served in several local offices in Quincy, including town meeting moderator, school board chairman and judge of the local court. He was elected to the Massachusetts state legislature^[6] as a Republican, but soon switched to the Democratic Party because of his dissatisfaction with Republican Reconstruction policies.^[9] In addition to serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1865, 1867, 1870 and 1873, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Governor of Massachusetts^[6] in every year from 1867 to 1871. (Governors served one year terms until 1918.)

Adams received one vote for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States at the 1868 Democratic National Convention.^[10] In 1872, the faction of Democrats that refused to support Horace Greeley, the fusion candidate of Democrats and the Liberal Republican Party, nominated Charles O'Conor for president and Adams for vice president on the "Straight-Out Democratic" ticket.^[6] They declined, but their names remained on the ballot in some states.^[11]^[12]^[13]

In 1873, he was the unsuccessful nominee for lieutenant governor.^[14] After losing an election for lieutenant governor in 1876, Adams refused most further involvement in politics, though he was considered by Grover Cleveland for a cabinet position in 1893.^[15] In 1877, he was made a member of the Harvard Corporation.^[16]

Personal life

In 1861, Adams married Frances "Fanny" Cadwalader Crowninshield (1839–1911),^[17] daughter of George Crowninshield (1812–1857) and Harriet Sears Crowninshield (1809–1873) of the politically powerful Crowninshield family. Fanny was the granddaughter of former United States Secretary of the Navy under presidents Madison and Monroe, Benjamin Williams Crowninshield.^[18]^[19] Their children were:

John Quincy Adams III. (1862–1876), who died young.
George Caspar Adams (1863–1900), who was the head coach of the Harvard University football program.^[20]
Charles Francis Adams III (1866–1954), who served as Secretary of the Navy, and who married Frances Lovering.^[21]
Frances "Fanny" C. Adams (1873–1876), who died in childhood.
Arthur Charles Adams (1877–1943), who served as vice president of the Adams Trust Company, the Colony Trust and the New England Trust Company.^[22]
Abigail "Hitty" Adams (1879–1974),^[23] who married Robert Homans in 1907.^[24]

Adams died at age 60 in Wollaston, Massachusetts on August 14, 1894.^[6] He was buried at Mount Wollaston Cemetery in Quincy.^[25] His widow died in 1911, and left an estate worth $1,200,000 to their three surviving children.^[26]

Descendants

Through his daughter, Abigail, he was the grandfather of George Casper Homans (1910–1989), a sociologist and the founder of behavioral sociology and the Social Exchange Theory.^[27]^[28]

Family tree

}

John Adams
(1735–1826)

Abigail Adams (née Smith)
(1744–1818)

William Stephens Smith
(1755–1816)

Abigail Amelia Adams Smith
(1765–1813)

John Quincy Adams
(1767–1848)

Louisa Catherine Adams (née Johnson)
(1775–1852)

Charles Adams
(1770–1800)

Thomas Boylston Adams
(1772–1832)

George Washington Adams
(1801–1829)

John Adams II
(1803–1834)

Charles Francis Adams Sr.
(1807–1886)

Abigail Brown Adams (née Brooks)
(1808–1889)

Frances Cadwalader Crowninshield
(1839–1911)

John Quincy Adams II
(1833–1894)

Charles Francis Adams Jr.
(1835–1915)

Henry Brooks Adams
(1838–1918)

Marian Hooper Adams
(1843–1885)

Peter Chardon Brooks Adams
(1848–1927)

George Casper Adams
(1863–1900)

Charles Francis Adams III
(1866–1954)

Frances Adams (née Lovering)
(1869–1956)

John Adams
(1875–1964)

Henry Sturgis Morgan
(1900–1982)

Catherine Lovering Adams Morgan
(1902–1988)

Charles Francis Adams IV
(1910–1999)

Thomas Boylston Adams
(1910–1997)

References

^ Donald, David (26 March 1961). "It Wasn't Easy to be an Adams; A Member of a Great but Unpopular Clan, C.F. Adams Ably Served the Union Cause Charles Francis Adams, 1807–1886. By Martin B. Duberman. Illustrated. 525 pp. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. $7.50. To Be an Adams". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ John Quincy Adams: A Life. Harlow G. Unger, p. 270-271.
^ Whittier, Charles Collyer (1907). Genealogy of the Stimpson family of Charlestown, Mass. The Library of Congress. Boston, Press of D. Clapp & son.
^ "CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS". The New York Times. 1886-11-22. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
^ Whittier, Charles Collyer (1907). Genealogy of the Stimpson Family of Charlestown, Mass: and allied lines. Press of D. Clapp & Son. p. 52. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Johnson 1906, p. 51
^ The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison: To Rouse the Slumbering Land, 1868-1979, by William Lloyd Garrison, 1981, page 218
^ Schouler, William (1868). A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War. Boston, MA: E. P. Dutton. pp. 14, 313 – via Google Books.
^ Newspaper article, Massachusetts Politics: John Quincy Adams Accepts the Democratic Nomination for Governor, New York Times, October 10, 1867
^ CNN web page, All The Votes...Really, a list of individuals who received convention votes for president or vice president prior to 1996
^ Newspaper article, John Quincy Adams; His Acceptance of the Louisville Nomination -- Why Democrats Cannot Support Greeley and Preserve Their Self-Respect, New York Times, September 13, 1872
^ Editor's Historical Record, Harper's New Monthly magazine, November, 1872
^ Newspaper editorial, The Presidential Election, Lewiston (Maine), Evening Journal, October 28, 1872
^ "John Quincy Adams Dead | Was a Lineal Descendant from Two Presidents. | The Son of Charles Francis Adams, the Great Diplomat, He Became a Vigorous Supporter of Lincoln -- After the War Was a Democrat -- Held Various Offices -- In Later Years He Lived in Retirement in the Country". The New York Times. 15 August 1894. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ Newspaper article, Cabinet Possibilities: John Quincy Adams and Isidor Straus Talked Of, New York Times, February 7, 1893
^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Adams, John Quincy (2d)" . Encyclopedia Americana.
^ "Obituary Notes | Mrs. Fanny Crowninshield Adams". The New York Times. 18 May 1911. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ Harrison, B. The Family Forest Descendants of Lady Joan Beaufort. Millisecond Publishing Company, Inc. p. 3023. Retrieved 2014-10-04.
^ Browning, Charles Henry. Americans of Royal Descent: A Collection of Genealogies of American Families Whose Lineage is traced to the Legitimate Issue of Kings. Philadelphia: Porter & Costes, 1891, ed. 2, pp. 68 – 69.
^ "Obituary Notes | George Caspar Adams" (PDF). The New York Times. 14 July 1900. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
^ "C. F. Adams is Dead; Headed U. S. Navy | Hoover Cabinet Aide, 87, Was Banker, Philanthropist and Civic Leader in Boston | Noted As Yachtsman | While at Helm of Resolute, He Defeated Shamrock IV – Won 3 Cups in Year". The New York Times. 12 June 1954. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
^ "Arthur Davis | Brother of Navy Ex-Secretary, Kin of Presidents, Was Banker" (PDF). The New York Times. 20 May 1943. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ Whitman, Alden (6 February 1974). "Abigail Adams Homans of Presidents' Family Dies; Deft Deflator". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ "Homans -- Adams". The New York Times. 11 June 1907. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ "Mout Wollaston Cemetery Tour" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
^ "Estate of Mrs. F.C. Adams.; Widow of John Quincy Adams Leaves $1,200,000 to Three Children". The New York Times. 8 June 1911. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ Bell, Daniel (1992). "George C. Homans (11 August 1910–29 May 1989)". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 136 (4). American Philosophical Society: 586–593.
^ "George Homans, 78, Sociologist And Harvard Professor Emeritus". The New York Times. 31 May 1989. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Johnson, Rossiter, ed. (1906). "Adams, John Quincy (statesman)". The Biographical Dictionary of America. Vol. 1. Boston: American Biographical Society. p. 51.

External links

"Adams, John Quincy, 2d" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

Party political offices
Preceded by Theodore H. Sweetser	Democratic nominee for Governor of Massachusetts 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871	Succeeded by Francis W. Bird

[Donald1961-1] Donald, David (26 March 1961). "It Wasn't Easy to be an Adams; A Member of a Great but Unpopular Clan, C.F. Adams Ably Served the Union Cause Charles Francis Adams, 1807–1886. By Martin B. Duberman. Illustrated. 525 pp. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. $7.50. To Be an Adams". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[2] John Quincy Adams: A Life. Harlow G. Unger, p. 270-271.

[3] Whittier, Charles Collyer (1907). Genealogy of the Stimpson family of Charlestown, Mass. The Library of Congress. Boston, Press of D. Clapp & son.

[4] "CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS". The New York Times. 1886-11-22. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-04-22.

[Whittier1907-5] Whittier, Charles Collyer (1907). Genealogy of the Stimpson Family of Charlestown, Mass: and allied lines. Press of D. Clapp & Son. p. 52. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[BDA1906-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Johnson 1906, p. 51

[7] The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison: To Rouse the Slumbering Land, 1868-1979, by William Lloyd Garrison, 1981, page 218

[8] Schouler, William (1868). A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War. Boston, MA: E. P. Dutton. pp. 14, 313 – via Google Books.

[9] Newspaper article, Massachusetts Politics: John Quincy Adams Accepts the Democratic Nomination for Governor, New York Times, October 10, 1867

[10] CNN web page, All The Votes...Really, a list of individuals who received convention votes for president or vice president prior to 1996

[11] Newspaper article, John Quincy Adams; His Acceptance of the Louisville Nomination -- Why Democrats Cannot Support Greeley and Preserve Their Self-Respect, New York Times, September 13, 1872

[12] Editor's Historical Record, Harper's New Monthly magazine, November, 1872

[13] Newspaper editorial, The Presidential Election, Lewiston (Maine), Evening Journal, October 28, 1872

[JQAObit1894-14] "John Quincy Adams Dead | Was a Lineal Descendant from Two Presidents. | The Son of Charles Francis Adams, the Great Diplomat, He Became a Vigorous Supporter of Lincoln -- After the War Was a Democrat -- Held Various Offices -- In Later Years He Lived in Retirement in the Country". The New York Times. 15 August 1894. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[15] Newspaper article, Cabinet Possibilities: John Quincy Adams and Isidor Straus Talked Of, New York Times, February 7, 1893

[16] Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Adams, John Quincy (2d)" . Encyclopedia Americana.

[FCCAObit1911-17] "Obituary Notes | Mrs. Fanny Crowninshield Adams". The New York Times. 18 May 1911. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[Harrison-18] Harrison, B. The Family Forest Descendants of Lady Joan Beaufort. Millisecond Publishing Company, Inc. p. 3023. Retrieved 2014-10-04.

[19] Browning, Charles Henry. Americans of Royal Descent: A Collection of Genealogies of American Families Whose Lineage is traced to the Legitimate Issue of Kings. Philadelphia: Porter & Costes, 1891, ed. 2, pp. 68 – 69.

[GCAObit1900-20] "Obituary Notes | George Caspar Adams" (PDF). The New York Times. 14 July 1900. Retrieved 12 September 2019.

[CFAObit1954-21] "C. F. Adams is Dead; Headed U. S. Navy | Hoover Cabinet Aide, 87, Was Banker, Philanthropist and Civic Leader in Boston | Noted As Yachtsman | While at Helm of Resolute, He Defeated Shamrock IV – Won 3 Cups in Year". The New York Times. 12 June 1954. Retrieved 8 March 2017.

[AAObit1943-22] "Arthur Davis | Brother of Navy Ex-Secretary, Kin of Presidents, Was Banker" (PDF). The New York Times. 20 May 1943. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[AAHObit1974-23] Whitman, Alden (6 February 1974). "Abigail Adams Homans of Presidents' Family Dies; Deft Deflator". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[1907Wedding-24] "Homans -- Adams". The New York Times. 11 June 1907. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[25] "Mout Wollaston Cemetery Tour" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2020-11-05.

[1911Estate-26] "Estate of Mrs. F.C. Adams.; Widow of John Quincy Adams Leaves $1,200,000 to Three Children". The New York Times. 8 June 1911. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[:1-27] Bell, Daniel (1992). "George C. Homans (11 August 1910–29 May 1989)". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 136 (4). American Philosophical Society: 586–593.

[GCHObit1989-28] "George Homans, 78, Sociologist And Harvard Professor Emeritus". The New York Times. 31 May 1989. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

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v t e John Quincy Adams
U.S. Representative for MA–8 (1843–1848) U.S. Representative for MA–12 (1833–1843) U.S. Representative for MA–11 (1831–1833) 6th President of the United States (1825–1829) 8th United States Secretary of State (1817–1825) U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom (1814–1817) U.S. Minister to Russia (1809–1814) U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1803–1808) U.S. Minister to Prussia (1797–1801) U.S. Minister to the Netherlands (1794–1797)
Presidency	Inauguration American System Internal improvements Tariff of 1828 First Treaty of Prairie du Chien Treaty of Fond du Lac Treaty of Limits United States Naval Observatory State of the Union Address, 1825 1827 1828 Federal judiciary appointments
Other events	Monroe Doctrine, author Treaty of Ghent Adams–Onís Treaty Treaty of 1818 Tariff of 1832 Smithsonian Institution United States v. The Amistad Mendi Bible President, American Academy of Arts and Sciences President, Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences
Writings	Lifelong diary Massachusetts Historical Society holdings Adams Papers Editorial Project
Life and homes	Early life Abigail Adams Cairn John Quincy Adams and abolitionism Adams National Historical Park Birthplace and family home Peacefield Stone Library United First Parish Church and gravesite
Electoral history	Senate 1803 1808 Presidential runs 1824 Corrupt Bargain 1828
Legacy	Bibliography Adams Memorial Adams House at Harvard University U.S. Postage stamps Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar Mount Quincy Adams USS President Adams (1941) USS John Adams (1963) Oyster-Adams Bilingual School
Popular culture	Profiles in Courage (1957 book) 1965 television series) The Adams Chronicles (1976 miniseries) Mutiny on the Amistad (1987 book) Amistad (1997 film) John Adams (2001 book 2008 miniseries)
Adams political family Quincy family	Louisa Adams (wife) George Washington Adams (son) Charles Francis Adams Sr. (son) John Adams II (son) Henry Adams (grandson) Brooks Adams (grandson) John Quincy Adams II (grandson) John Adams father presidency Abigail Adams mother First Lady Quincy political family Abigail Adams Smith (sister) Charles Adams (brother) Thomas Boylston Adams (brother) John Adams Sr. (grandfather) Susanna Boylston (grandmother) John Quincy (great-grandfather)
Related	National Republican Party Republicanism Quincy Patriot John Quincy Adams (Bingham)
← James Monroe Andrew Jackson → Category

v t e John Adams
2nd President of the United States (1797–1801) 1st Vice President of the United States (1789–1797) U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom (1785–1788) U.S. Minister to the Netherlands (1782–1788) Delegate to the Second Continental Congress (1775–1778) Delegate to the First Continental Congress (1774)
Founding of the United States	Braintree Instructions (1765) Boston Massacre defense Continental Association Petition to the King United Colonies Thoughts on Government (1776) Lee Resolution (seconded) Declaration of Independence May 15 preamble Committee of Five Model Treaty Treaty of Amity and Commerce Treaty of Alliance Board of War Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779 Continental Navy Staten Island Peace Conference Conference House Constitution of Massachusetts (1780) Treaty of Paris, 1783 Diplomacy
Elections	United States presidential election 1788–1789 1792 1796 1800
Presidency	Inauguration Quasi War with France XYZ Affair United States Department of the Navy Commerce Protection Act United States Marine Corps Convention of 1800 Mississippi Organic Act Alien and Sedition Acts Naturalization Act of 1798 Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act Marine Hospital Service Bankruptcy Act of 1800 Indiana Organic Act Slave Trade Act of 1800 District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 Navy Department Library Treaty of Tellico Treaty of Tripoli Midnight Judges Act Marbury v. Madison State of the Union Address (1797 1798 1799 1800) Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson Cabinet Federal judiciary appointments
Other writings	Massachusetts Historical Society holdings Adams Papers Editorial Project A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams Founders Online Gray v. Pitts
Life and homes	Early life and education Adams National Historical Park John Adams Birthplace Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace Peacefield Stone Library Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University Presidents House, Philadelphia Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences United First Parish Church and gravesite
Legacy	Bibliography List of memorials Adams Memorial (proposed) John Adams Building John Adams Courthouse Jefferson Memorial pediment U.S. Postage stamps Treaty of Paris (1783 painting) USS Adams (1799) USS John Adams (1799) USS Adams (1874) USS President Adams (1941) USS John Adams (1963) Adams House at Harvard University Mount Adams (New Hampshire, Washington) Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
Popular culture	Profiles in Courage (1964 series) American Primitive (1969 play) 1776 (1969 musical 1972 film) The Adams Chronicles (1976 miniseries) Liberty! (1997 documentary series) Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series) John Adams (2001 book 2008 miniseries) John and Abigail Adams (2006 documentary film) Sons of Liberty (2015 miniseries) Franklin (2024 miniseries)
Related	"Adams and Liberty" campaign song Adams' personal library American Enlightenment Congress Hall Federalist Party Federalist Era First Party System republicanism American Philosophical Society Gazette of the United States The American Museum American Revolution patriots Founding Fathers
Adams political family	Abigail Adams wife Quincy political family Abigail Adams Smith (daughter) John Quincy Adams son presidency Charles Adams (son) Thomas Boylston Adams (son) George Washington Adams (grandson) Charles Francis Adams Sr. (grandson) John Adams II (grandson) John Quincy Adams II (great-grandson) Henry Adams (great-grandson) Brooks Adams (great-grandson) John Adams Sr. (father) Susanna Boylston (mother) Samuel Adams (second cousin) Louisa Adams (daughter-in-law, first lady)
← George Washington Thomas Jefferson → Thomas Jefferson → Category