Wright R-1820 Cyclone
| R-1820 Cyclone | |
|---|---|
| |
| Curtiss-Wright R-1820 Cyclone Radial Engine | |
| Type | Radial engine |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Wright Aeronautical |
| First run | 1930s |
| Major applications | Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Curtiss P-36 Hawk Douglas B-18 Bolo Douglas DC-3 Douglas SBD Dauntless General Motors FM-2 Wildcat Sikorsky H-34 North American T-28 Trojan |
| Number built | 47,475[1] |
| Variants | Shvetsov M-25 |
| Developed into | Wright R-2600 Wright R-3350 |
The Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 is an American radial engine developed by Curtiss-Wright, widely used on aircraft in the 1930s through 1950s. It was produced under license in France as the Hispano-Suiza 9V or Hispano-Wright 9V, and in the Soviet Union as the Shvetsov M-25.
Design and development
[edit]The R-1820 Cyclone 9 represented a further development of the Wright P-2 engine dating back to 1925. Featuring a greater displacement and a host of improvements, the R-1820 entered production in 1931. The engine remained in production well into the 1950s.
The R-1820 was built under license by Lycoming, Pratt & Whitney Canada, and also, during World War II, by the Studebaker Corporation. The Soviet Union had purchased a license for the design, and the Shvetsov OKB was formed to metricate the American specification powerplant for Soviet government-factory production as the M-25, with the R-1820's general design features used by the Shvetsov design bureau for many of their future radials for the Soviet air forces through the 1940s and onwards. In Spain the R-1820 was license-built as the Hispano-Suiza 9V or Hispano-Wright 9V.[2]
The R-1820 was at the heart of many famous aircraft including early Douglas airliners (the prototype DC-1, the DC-2, the first civil versions of the DC-3, and the limited-production DC-5), every wartime example of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Douglas SBD Dauntless bombers, the early versions of the Polikarpov I-16 fighter (as the M-25), and the Piasecki H-21 helicopter.
The R-1820 also found limited use in armoured vehicles. The G-200 variant developed 900 hp (670 kW) at 2,300 rpm and powered the strictly experimental M6 Heavy Tank.
D-200 Diesel
[edit]The Wright R-1820 was converted to a diesel during World War II by Caterpillar Inc. as the D-200 and produced 450 hp (340 kW) at 2,000 rpm in the M4A6 Sherman.[3]
Variants
[edit]- R-1820-04
- 700 hp (520 kW)
- R-1820-1
- 575 hp (429 kW)
- R-1820-4
- 770 hp (570 kW)
- R-1820-19
- 675 hp (503 kW)
- R-1820-21
- 690 hp (510 kW)
- R-1820-22
- 950 hp (710 kW)
- R-1820-25
- 675 hp (503 kW), 750 hp (560 kW), 775 hp (578 kW)
- R-1820-32
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- XR-1820-32
- 800 hp (600 kW)
- R-1820-33
- 775 hp (578 kW)
- R-1820-34
- 940 hp (700 kW), 950 hp (710 kW)
- R-1820-34A
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-40/42
- 1,100 hp (820 kW), 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-41
- 850 hp (630 kW)
- R-1820-45
- 800 hp (600 kW), 930 hp (690 kW)
- R-1820-49
- 975 hp (727 kW)
- R-1820-50
- 850 hp (630 kW)
- R-1820-52
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-53
- 930 hp (690 kW), 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-56
- 1,200 hp (890 kW), 1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
- R-1820-57
- 1,060 hp (790 kW)
- R-1820-60
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-62
- 1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
- R-1820-66
- 1,200 hp (895 kW), 1,350 hp (1,007 kW)
- R-1820-67/69
- 1,200 hp (890 kW), fitted with turbosupercharger
- R-1820-72W
- 1,350 hp (1,010 kW), 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-74W
- 1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
- R-1820-76A,B,C,D
- 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-77
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-78
- 700 hp (522 kW), 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-80
- 700 hp (520 kW), 1,535 hp (1,145 kW)
- R-1820-82WA
- 1,525 hp (1,137 kW)
- R-1820-84
- 1,525 hp (1,137 kW)
- R-1820-86
- 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-97
- 1,200 hp (890 kW), fitted with turbosupercharger
- R-1820-103
- 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- SGR-1820-F3
- 710 hp (530 kW), 720 hp (540 kW)
- SGR-1820-F2
- 720 hp (540 kW)
- R-1820-F53
- 770 hp (570 kW)
- R-1820-F56
- 790 hp (590 kW)
- GR-1820-G2
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G3
- 840 hp (630 kW)
- R-1820-G5
- 950 hp (710 kW)
- R-1820-G101
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102
- 775 hp (578 kW)
- GR-1820-G102A
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102A
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102A
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G202A
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-G103
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G105
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G205A
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
Notes: Unit numbers ending with W indicate engine variants fitted with water-methanol emergency power boost systems.
Hispano-Suiza 9V
[edit]The Hispano-Suiza 9V is a licence-built version of the R-1820.[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vr
- 9V with reduction gear
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vb
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbr
- variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbrs
- variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear and supercharger
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbs
- variant of the 9Vb with supercharger[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vd
- variant of the 9V[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-10
- 429 kW (575 hp) driving fixed-pitch propeller
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-11
- as -10 but RH rotation
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-16
- 480 kW (650 hp) driving variable-pitch propeller, LH rotation
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-17
- as -16 but RH rotation
Applications
[edit]- Bloch MB.221
- Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
- Boeing 307 Stratoliner
- Brewster F2A Buffalo
- Curtiss AT-32-A Condor
- Curtiss SBC-4 Helldiver
- Curtiss P-36 Mohawk
- Curtiss SC Seahawk
- Curtiss-Wright CW-21
- Douglas A-33
- Douglas B-18 Bolo
- Douglas DC-2
- Douglas DC-3 (DST, G-102 and G-202)
- Douglas R4D-8/C-117D
- Douglas DC-5
- Douglas DF Wright SGR-1820G-2
- Douglas SBD Dauntless
- FMA AeMB.2 Bombi
- General Motors FM-2 Wildcat
- Grumman TF-1 / C-1 Trader
- Grumman E-1 Tracer
- Grumman FF
- Grumman F3F
- Grumman XF5F Skyrocket
- Grumman XP-50
- Grumman HU-16 Albatross
- Grumman J2F Duck
- Grumman S-2 Tracker
- Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra
- Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar
- Lockheed Hudson
- Martin B-10
- North American A-27
- North American O-47
- North American P-64
- North American T-28B/C/D Trojan
- Northrop N-3PB
- Northrop YC-125 Raider
- Piasecki H-21
- Polikarpov I-16
- Ryan FR Fireball
- Sikorsky S-58/HUS/HSS/H-34
- Vultee V-1
Vehicles
[edit]Engines on display
[edit]Preserved Wright R-1820 engines are on display at the following museums:
- American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum[5]
- Fleet Air Arm Museum[citation needed]
- Delta Flight Museum[citation needed]
- National Air and Space Museum[citation needed]
- National Museum of the U.S. Air Force[citation needed]
- Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum[6]
-
Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 engine of restored Douglas DC-3 "Flagship Knoxville" at American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum -
Wright R-1820 cutaway at the Museum of Aviation -
Wright R-1820 at the Museum of Aviation -
Wright R-1820-82 Cyclone Radial Engine at Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum, Horsham, Pennsylvania
Specifications (GR-1820-G2)
[edit]Data from Jane's. [7]
General characteristics
- Type: Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine
- Bore: 6.125 in (155.6 mm)
- Stroke: 6.875 in (174.6 mm)
- Displacement: 1,823 cu in (29.87 L)
- Length: 47.76 in (1,213 mm)
- Diameter: 54.25 in (1,378 mm)
- Dry weight: 1,184 lb (537 kg)
Components
- Valvetrain: Two overhead valves per cylinder with sodium-filled exhaust valve
- Supercharger: Single-speed General Electric centrifugal type supercharger, blower ratio 7.134:1
- Fuel system: Stromberg PD12K10 downdraft carburetor with automatic mixture control
- Fuel type: 87 octane rating gasoline
- Oil system: Dry sump with one pressure and one scavenging pump
- Cooling system: Air-cooled
Performance
- Power output: 1,000 hp (746 kW) at 2,200 rpm for takeoff
- Specific power: 0.46 hp/in³ (20.88 kW/L)
- Compression ratio: 6.45:1
- Specific fuel consumption: 0.6 lb/(hp•h) (362 g/(kW•h))
- Oil consumption: 0.35-0.39 oz/(hp•h) (13-15 g/(kW•h))
- Power-to-weight ratio: 0.84 hp/lb (1.39 kW/kg)
See also
[edit]Related development
- Wright Cyclone family
- Wright R-1300 Cyclone 7
- Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14 (Twin Cyclone)
- Wright R-3350 Cyclone 18 (Duplex Cyclone)
- Shvetsov M-25
- Shvetsov ASh-62
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
[edit]- ^ "SUMMARY OF WRIGHT ENGINE SHIPMENTS 1920 – 1930" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ Lage(2004) pp. 157-162
- ^ Conners 2013.
- ^ a b c d Hartmann, Gustave. Hispano-Suiza, Les moteurs de tous les Records.pdf (in French).
- ^ May, Joseph (8 January 2013). "Flagship Knoxville — an American Airlines Douglas DC-3". Hearst Seattle Media. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ "Exhibit & Collection". Wings of Freedom. Retrieved 2024-09-06.
- ^ Bridgman 1998, p. 314.
Bibliography
[edit]
- Bridgman, L, (ed.) (1998) Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. Crescent. ISBN 0-517-67964-7.
- Conners, Chris (2013). "Medium Tank M4 Sherman". American Fighting Vehicle Database. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
- Eden, Paul & Soph Moeng, The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Amber Books Ltd. Bradley's Close, 74-77 White Lion Street, London, NI 9PF, 2002, ISBN 0-7607-3432-1.
- Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.ISBN 0-7509-4479-X
- White, Graham. Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995. ISBN 1-56091-655-9
- Lage, Manual (2004). Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics. Warrendale, USA: SAE International. ISBN 0-7680-0997-9.
- "Aircraft Engines in Armored Vehicles". Archived from the original on 2006-10-07. Retrieved 2006-10-03.