Florideophyceae

Florideophyceae; Temporal range: Neoproterozoic–present Pha. Proterozoic Archean Had.
	"Florideae" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904
Scientific classification
Clade:	Archaeplastida
Division:	Rhodophyta
Subdivision:	Eurhodophytina
Class:	Florideophyceae; Cronquist, 1960
Subgroups
	See text.

Florideophyceae is a class of exclusively multicellular red algae.^[3]^[4] They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections,^[5] but these have since been found in the filamentous stage of the Bangiaceae.^[6] They were also thought only to exhibit apical growth, but there are genera known to grow by intercalary growth.^[6] Most, but not all, genera have three phases to the life cycle.^[6] In the subclass Nemaliophycidae there are three orders, Balbianiales, Batrachospermales, and Thoreales, which lives exclusively in freshwater.^[7]

Classification

There are various classification schemes; see red algae. One option is to use the following:

Subclass Hildenbrandiophycidae

Hildenbrandiales

Subclass Nemaliophycidae

Subclass Corallinophycidae

The subclass Corallinophycidae was introduced in 2007.^[8]

Subclass Ahnfeltiophycidae

Subclass Rhodymeniophycidae

According to molecular clock analysis, Florideophyceae diverged from other red algae about 943 (817–1,049) million years ago. It split into Hildenbrandiophycidae ca. 781 (681–879) mya, Nemaliophycidae ca. 661 (597–736) mya and Corallinophycidae ca. 579 (543–617) mya, and ca. 508 (442–580) mya the split between Ahnfeltiophycidae and Rhodymeniophycidae occurred.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Yang, Eun Chan; Boo, Sung Min; Bhattacharya, Debashish; Saunders, Gary W.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Fredericq, Suzanne; Graf, Louis; Yoon, Hwan Su (2016). "Divergence time estimates and the evolution of major lineages in the florideophyte red algae". Scientific Reports. 6: 21361. Bibcode:2016NatSR...621361Y. doi:10.1038/srep21361. PMC 4759575. PMID 26892537.
^ Cronquist, A. (1960). "The divisions and classes of plants". The Botanical Review. 26 (4): 425–482. Bibcode:1960BotRv..26..425C. doi:10.1007/BF02940572. S2CID 43144314.
^ Yoon, Hwan Su; Muller, Kirsten M.; Sheath, Robert G.; Ott, Franklyn D.; Bhattacharya, Debashish (April 2006). "Defining the Major Lineages of Red Algae (Rhodophyta)1". Journal of Phycology. 42 (2): 482–492. Bibcode:2006JPcgy..42..482Y. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00210.x. ISSN 0022-3646. S2CID 27377549.
^ Petroll, Romy; Schreiber, Mona; Finke, Hermann; Cock, J. Mark; Gould, Sven B.; Rensing, Stefan A. (9 July 2021). "Signatures of Transcription Factor Evolution and the Secondary Gain of Red Algae Complexity". Genes. 12 (7): 1055. doi:10.3390/genes12071055. PMC 8304369. PMID 34356071.
^ Dawes, C. J.; Scott, F. M.; Bowler, E. (1961). "A Light- and Electron-Microscopic Survey of Algal Cell Walls. I. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta". American Journal of Botany. 48 (10): 925–934. doi:10.2307/2439535. JSTOR 2439535.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology, 4th edition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63883-8.
^ Complete mitochondrial genomes of six species of the freshwater red algal order Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta)
^ Le Gall L, Saunders GW (June 2007). "A nuclear phylogeny of the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta) inferred from combined EF2, small subunit and large subunit ribosomal DNA: establishing the new red algal subclass Corallinophycidae". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 43 (3): 1118–30. Bibcode:2007MolPE..43.1118L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.012. PMID 17197199.

External links

Tree of Life: Florideophyceae

[nature.com-1] Yang, Eun Chan; Boo, Sung Min; Bhattacharya, Debashish; Saunders, Gary W.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Fredericq, Suzanne; Graf, Louis; Yoon, Hwan Su (2016). "Divergence time estimates and the evolution of major lineages in the florideophyte red algae". Scientific Reports. 6: 21361. Bibcode:2016NatSR...621361Y. doi:10.1038/srep21361. PMC 4759575. PMID 26892537.

[2] Cronquist, A. (1960). "The divisions and classes of plants". The Botanical Review. 26 (4): 425–482. Bibcode:1960BotRv..26..425C. doi:10.1007/BF02940572. S2CID 43144314.

[3] Yoon, Hwan Su; Muller, Kirsten M.; Sheath, Robert G.; Ott, Franklyn D.; Bhattacharya, Debashish (April 2006). "Defining the Major Lineages of Red Algae (Rhodophyta)1". Journal of Phycology. 42 (2): 482–492. Bibcode:2006JPcgy..42..482Y. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00210.x. ISSN 0022-3646. S2CID 27377549.

[4] Petroll, Romy; Schreiber, Mona; Finke, Hermann; Cock, J. Mark; Gould, Sven B.; Rensing, Stefan A. (9 July 2021). "Signatures of Transcription Factor Evolution and the Secondary Gain of Red Algae Complexity". Genes. 12 (7): 1055. doi:10.3390/genes12071055. PMC 8304369. PMID 34356071.

[Clinton1961-5] Dawes, C. J.; Scott, F. M.; Bowler, E. (1961). "A Light- and Electron-Microscopic Survey of Algal Cell Walls. I. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta". American Journal of Botany. 48 (10): 925–934. doi:10.2307/2439535. JSTOR 2439535.

[Lee2008-6] Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology, 4th edition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63883-8.

[7] Complete mitochondrial genomes of six species of the freshwater red algal order Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta)

[pmid17197199-8] Le Gall L, Saunders GW (June 2007). "A nuclear phylogeny of the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta) inferred from combined EF2, small subunit and large subunit ribosomal DNA: establishing the new red algal subclass Corallinophycidae". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 43 (3): 1118–30. Bibcode:2007MolPE..43.1118L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.012. PMID 17197199.

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