Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
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The Czech Republic is a Central European country, a member of the European Union, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations (and all of its main specialized agencies and boards). It entertains diplomatic relations with 191 countries of the world, around half of which maintain a resident embassy in the Czech capital city, Prague.[1]
During the years 1948–1989, the foreign policy of Czechoslovakia had followed that of the Soviet Union. Since the revolution and the subsequent mutually-agreed peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the Czechs have made reintegration with Western institutions their chief foreign policy objective. This goal was rapidly met with great success, as the nation joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004, and held the Presidency of the European Union during the first half of 2009.
International disputes
[edit]Liechtenstein
[edit]Throughout the past decades, Liechtenstein continuously claimed restitution for 1,600 km2 (620 sq mi), or an area roughly ten times the size of Liechtenstein, of land currently located in the Czech Republic. The land was partially confiscated from the Liechtenstein family in 1918 with the rest of the property being confiscated in 1945 after the expulsion of Germans and confiscation of German property. The Czech Republic insisted that it could not acknowledge or be responsible for claims going back to before February 1948, when the Communists had seized power.
As a result, Liechtenstein did not diplomatically recognize the existence of the Czech Republic as a new state (and, for that matter, also that of the Slovak Republic) until 2009.
In July 2009, the Prince of Liechtenstein announced he was resigning to the previous unsuccessful claims to property located in the Czech Republic, and on 13 July 2009, after politically recognizing one another, the Czech Republic and Liechtenstein formally established diplomatic relations.[2][3]
Placement of US National Missile Defense base
[edit]In February 2007, the US started formal negotiations with Czech Republic and Poland concerning construction of missile shield installations in those countries for a Ground-based Midcourse Defense System.[4] Government of the Czech Republic agrees (while 67% Czechs disagree and only about 22% support it)[5] to host a missile defense radar on its territory while a base of missile interceptors is supposed to be built in Poland. The objective is reportedly to protect another parts of US National Missile Defense from long-range missile strikes from Iran and North Korea, but Czech PM Mirek Topolánek said the main reason is to avoid Russian influence and strengthen ties to US.[6]
The main government supporter Alexandr Vondra, Deputy Prime Minister for European affairs, used to be an ambassador to the USA. More problematic is that between 2004 and 2006 he was an executive director of a lobbying company Dutko Worldwide Prague. Dutko's and its strategic partner AMI Communications (PR company) customers are Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Nortrop Grumman, which are largest contractors for NMD development.[7][8] AMI Communications also received (without a formal selection procedure) a government contract to persuade Czechs to support US radar base.
Diplomatic relations
[edit]List of countries which Czechia maintains diplomatic relations with:
# | Country | Date |
---|---|---|
1 | Italy | 16 October 1918[9] |
2 | United States | 12 November 1918[10] |
3 | Serbia | 9 January 1919[11] |
4 | Romania | 6 April 1919[12] |
5 | Switzerland | 30 April 1919[13] |
6 | Denmark | 14 May 1919[14] |
7 | Spain | 19 June 1919[15] |
8 | United Kingdom | 3 September 1919[16] |
9 | Belgium | 21 September 1919[17] |
10 | Netherlands | 13 November 1919[18] |
— | Holy See | 24 October 1919[19] |
11 | Japan | 12 January 1920[20] |
12 | Austria | 20 January 1920[21] |
13 | Poland | 23 March 1920[22] |
14 | Greece | 25 May 1920[23] |
15 | Brazil | June 1920[24] |
16 | Bulgaria | 27 September 1920[25] |
17 | Portugal | 18 October 1920[26] |
18 | Sweden | 18 November 1920[27] |
19 | Cuba | 23 November 1920[28] |
20 | Norway | 12 January 1921[29] |
21 | Uruguay | 16 August 1921[30] |
22 | Luxembourg | 24 April 1922[31] |
23 | Hungary | 22 June 1922[32] |
24 | Albania | 5 July 1922[33] |
25 | Peru | 11 July 1922[34] |
26 | Mexico | 20 July 1922[35] |
27 | Egypt | 1 November 1922[36] |
28 | Argentina | 7 January 1924[37] |
29 | France | 25 January 1924[38] |
30 | Chile | 19 July 1924[39] |
31 | Turkey | 11 October 1924[40] |
32 | Iran | 22 June 1925[41] |
33 | Finland | 18 October 1927[42] |
34 | Panama | 25 March 1929[43] |
35 | Venezuela | 1929[44] |
36 | El Salvador | 4 March 1930[45] |
37 | Guatemala | 20 March 1930[43] |
38 | Nicaragua | 20 March 1930[43] |
39 | Russia | 9 June 1934[46] |
40 | Colombia | 11 June 1934[47] |
41 | Costa Rica | 21 March 1935[48] |
42 | Bolivia | 13 May 1935[49] |
43 | Paraguay | 14 February 1936[50] |
44 | Canada | 5 November 1942[51] |
45 | Dominican Republic | 1942[44] |
46 | Ethiopia | 11 February 1944[34] |
47 | Iceland | 27 February 1946[52] |
48 | Syria | 20 September 1946[34] |
49 | Lebanon | 21 September 1946[34] |
50 | Ireland | 29 January 1947[53] |
51 | India | 18 November 1947[54] |
52 | Israel | 3 July 1948[34] |
53 | North Korea | 21 October 1948[55] |
54 | Afghanistan | 6 August 1949[34] |
55 | China | 4 October 1949[34] |
56 | Indonesia | 2 February 1950[56] |
57 | Vietnam | 2 February 1950[34] |
58 | Mongolia | 25 April 1950[34] |
59 | Pakistan | 27 September 1950[34] |
60 | Myanmar | 25 July 1955[34] |
61 | Sudan | 19 January 1956[34] |
62 | Yemen | 3 September 1956[34] |
63 | Sri Lanka | 11 September 1957[34] |
64 | Iraq | 16 July 1958[34] |
65 | Guinea | 14 February 1959[34] |
66 | Morocco | 8 July 1959[34] |
67 | Tunisia | 29 July 1959[34] |
68 | Nepal | 26 December 1959[34] |
69 | Libya | 16 May 1960[34] |
70 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 30 June 1960[34] |
71 | Mali | 10 August 1960[34] |
72 | Somalia | 11 September 1960[34] |
73 | Togo | 2 December 1960[34] |
74 | Cyprus | 22 December 1960[34] |
75 | Ghana | 18 January 1961[34] |
76 | Ecuador | 3 April 1961[34] |
77 | Nigeria | 25 October 1961[34] |
78 | Tanzania | 12 December 1961[34] |
79 | Algeria | 23 March 1962[34] |
80 | Laos | 5 September 1962[34] |
81 | Uganda | 11 October 1962[34] |
82 | Sierra Leone | 3 January 1963[34] |
83 | Burundi | 11 March 1963[34] |
84 | Kuwait | 27 May 1963[34] |
85 | Benin | 3 August 1963[57] |
86 | Kenya | January 1964[34] |
87 | Republic of the Congo | 23 March 1964[34] |
88 | Jordan | 30 April 1964[34] |
89 | Zambia | 2 February 1965[34] |
90 | Mauritania | 9 March 1965[34] |
91 | Rwanda | 24 July 1965[34] |
92 | Chad | 5 February 1967[34] |
93 | Senegal | 28 December 1967[34] |
94 | Botswana | 11 January 1968[34] |
95 | Burkina Faso | 3 June 1968[34] |
96 | Malta | 10 July 1968[34] |
97 | Central African Republic | 18 May 1970[34] |
98 | Equatorial Guinea | 22 July 1970[34] |
99 | Malaysia | 16 September 1971[34] |
100 | Bangladesh | 28 January 1972[34] |
101 | Gambia | 19 February 1972[34] |
102 | Australia | 18 June 1972[34] |
103 | Liberia | 29 November 1972[34] |
104 | Philippines | 5 October 1973[34] |
105 | Guinea-Bissau | 19 October 1973[34] |
106 | Singapore | 23 November 1973[34] |
107 | Germany | 11 December 1973[58] |
108 | Thailand | 15 March 1974[34] |
109 | Jamaica | 3 June 1975[34] |
110 | Mozambique | 10 October 1975[34] |
111 | Maldives | 18 October 1975[34] |
112 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 22 October 1975[34] |
113 | Cape Verde | 28 October 1975[34] |
114 | Angola | 11 November 1975[34] |
115 | Niger | 22 December 1975[34] |
116 | Madagascar | 5 May 1976[34] |
117 | Guyana | 17 May 1976[34] |
118 | Honduras | 21 May 1976[34] |
119 | Comoros | 7 June 1976[34] |
120 | Mauritius | 10 June 1976[34] |
121 | Suriname | 30 June 1976[34] |
122 | New Zealand | 11 August 1976[34] |
123 | Gabon | 4 October 1976[34] |
124 | Seychelles | 15 December 1976[34] |
125 | Barbados | 29 September 1977[34] |
126 | Djibouti | 8 December 1977[34] |
127 | Cambodia | 10 January 1979[34] |
128 | Trinidad and Tobago | 16 November 1979[34] |
129 | Grenada | 28 November 1979[34] |
130 | Zimbabwe | 25 March 1981[34] |
131 | Lesotho | 7 November 1982[34] |
132 | Ivory Coast | 1 September 1984[34] |
133 | United Arab Emirates | 7 June 1988[59] |
134 | Papua New Guinea | 20 October 1988[60] |
— | State of Palestine | 9 November 1988[61] |
135 | South Korea | 22 March 1990[34] |
— | Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 8 June 1990[34] |
136 | Namibia | 11 June 1990[34] |
137 | Cameroon | 27 September 1990[34] |
138 | Bahrain | 12 October 1990[34] |
139 | Qatar | 14 October 1990[34] |
140 | Oman | 15 October 1990[34] |
141 | Eswatini | 4 January 1991[34] |
142 | Malawi | 20 March 1991[34] |
143 | San Marino | 29 April 1991[34] |
144 | Estonia | 6 October 1991[34] |
145 | Latvia | 6 October 1991[34] |
146 | Lithuania | 6 October 1991[34] |
147 | South Africa | 29 October 1991[34] |
148 | Belarus | 31 January 1992[34] |
149 | Ukraine | 31 January 1992[34] |
150 | Slovenia | 5 February 1992[62] |
151 | Brunei | 2 March 1992[63] |
152 | Armenia | 30 March 1992[64] |
153 | Croatia | 11 May 1992[65] |
154 | Moldova | 1 June 1992[66] |
155 | Tajikistan | 5 June 1992[67] |
156 | Slovakia | 30 December 1992[68] |
157 | Georgia | 1 January 1993[69] |
158 | Kazakhstan | 1 January 1993[70] |
159 | Kyrgyzstan | 1 January 1993[71] |
160 | Uzbekistan | 1 January 1993[72] |
161 | Azerbaijan | 29 January 1993[73] |
162 | Turkmenistan | 31 January 1993[74] |
163 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8 April 1993[75] |
164 | Eritrea | 6 January 1994[34] |
165 | North Macedonia | 2 March 1994[76] |
166 | Samoa | 12 December 1995[77] |
167 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1995[44] |
168 | Saudi Arabia | 1995[44] |
169 | Belize | 18 January 1996[78] |
170 | Dominica | 13 March 1996[78] |
171 | Andorra | 3 July 1996[79] |
172 | Fiji | 17 July 1996[78] |
173 | Saint Lucia | 6 August 1996[78] |
174 | Solomon Islands | 30 October 1996[78] |
175 | Antigua and Barbuda | 31 January 1997[78] |
176 | East Timor | 20 May 2002[80] |
177 | Vanuatu | 12 December 2002[81] |
178 | Palau | 17 September 2003[82] |
179 | Federated States of Micronesia | 6 October 2004[83] |
180 | Bahamas | 6 June 2005[78] |
181 | Tuvalu | 28 July 2005[78] |
182 | Haiti | 15 December 2005[78] |
183 | Montenegro | 15 June 2006[84] |
184 | Nauru | 19 February 2007[78] |
185 | Tonga | 19 September 2007[85] |
186 | Kiribati | 27 June 2007[85] |
— | Cook Islands | 12 May 2008[86] |
— | Kosovo | 16 June 2008[87] |
187 | Monaco | 4 July 2008[88] |
188 | Marshall Islands | 30 April 2009[89] |
189 | Liechtenstein | 8 September 2009[90] |
190 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 18 February 2010[91] |
191 | Bhutan | 2 December 2011[78] |
192 | South Sudan | December 2012[92] |
Bilateral relations
[edit]Multilateral
[edit]Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
European Union | See Czech Republic in the European Union
Czech Republic joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004. | |
NATO |
Czech Republic joined NATO as a full member on 12 March 1999. |
Africa
[edit]Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Cape Verde |
Czech Republic is represented in Cape-Verde by its embassy in Lisbon, Portugal[93][94] and an honorary consulate in Praia.[95] | |
Ethiopia |
| |
Egypt |
| |
Guinea-Bissau | 1973 | |
Kenya | See Czech Republic–Kenya relations
| |
Libya | 1993 | See Czech Republic–Libya relations
|
Americas
[edit]Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Belize |
| |
Brazil | 1918 | See Brazil–Czech Republic relations |
Canada | See Canada–Czech Republic relations | |
Colombia | See Colombia–Czech Republic relations
| |
Mexico | 1922 | See Czech Republic–Mexico relations
Diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and Mexico were established in 1922. Mexico re-recognized Czech independence in 1993 after its separation with Slovakia.
|
Peru | ||
United States | See Czech Republic–United States relations
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and the United States played a major role in the establishment of Czechoslovakia on 28 October 1918.
| |
Uruguay | See Czech Republic–Uruguay relations |
Asia
[edit]Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Armenia | 30 March 1992 |
|
Azerbaijan | 29 January 1993 |
|
China | 6 October 1949 | See China–Czech Republic relations |
Georgia | 1 January 1993 | |
India | See Czech Republic–India relations | |
Indonesia | ||
Iran | 30 April 1929 | See Czech Republic–Iran relations |
Iraq | 1993 |
See Czech Republic–Iraq relations
|
Israel | 3 July 1948 | See Czech Republic–Israel relations
The government of Czechoslovakia recognised independence of Israel five days after its declaration on 19 May 1948. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established on 3 July 1948. Czechoslovakia supported with military aircraft and weapons newly created Israeli state for several months, however then-new communist government ceased this support and in few years even the diplomatic relations were broken. Communist regime did spread anti-Israeli propaganda, like all then socialist countries. After the Velvet revolution, the relations were renewed. The Czech Republic has an embassy in Tel Aviv and 4 honorary consulates (in Eilat, Haifa, Jerusalem and Ramat Gan).[115] Israel has an embassy in Prague.[116] In December 2008 the Czech Air Force wanted to train in desert conditions for the upcoming mission in Afghanistan. No country agreed to help, except Israel. Israel saw it as an opportunity to thank the Czechs for training Israeli pilots when the country was first established.[117] There are 3,000 Jews living in the Czech Republic (see also History of the Jews in the Czech Republic). |
Japan | 1919 |
See Czech Republic–Japan relations
|
Kazakhstan | See Czech Republic–Kazakhstan relations | |
Malaysia | See Czech Republic–Malaysia relations
| |
Mongolia | 1992 | See Czech Republic–Mongolia relations |
North Korea |
| |
Pakistan | 27 September 1950 | |
Philippines |
See Czech Republic–Philippines relations
| |
South Korea | 22 March 1990[133] | See Czech Republic–South Korea relations
|
Taiwan | See Czech Republic–Taiwan relations[136]
| |
Turkey | 1924[139] | See Czech Republic–Turkey relations |
Vietnam | 2 February 1950 | See Czech Republic–Vietnam relations
|
Europe
[edit]Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Albania | See Albania–Czech Republic relations
The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the People's Republic of Albania and the Socialist Republic of Romania participated in the invasion. Albania formally withdrew from the Warsaw Pact in 1968 over the matter.[141] | |
Austria | See Austria–Czech Republic relations
Both countries are full members of the European Union. They share 362 km (225 mi) of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement. | |
Belarus | See Belarus–Czech Republic relations
| |
Belgium | 21 September 1919 |
|
Bulgaria | See Bulgaria–Czech Republic relations
Diplomatic relations between Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia were established on 27 September 1920, they were severed on 1 June 1939 and were restored on 10 October 1945. On 23 December 1992 Bulgaria recognised the Czech Republic and established diplomatic relations with it at the level of embassies as of 1 January 1993.
| |
Croatia | See Croatia–Czech Republic relations
| |
Cyprus | See Cyprus–Czech Republic relations
| |
Denmark | See Czech Republic–Denmark relations
| |
Estonia | 1920s |
|
Finland | 1 January 1993 |
|
France |
See Czech Republic–France relations
| |
Germany | See Czech Republic–Germany relations
| |
Greece | 1 January 1993 | See Czech Republic–Greece relations
|
Hungary | 1 January 1993 |
|
Iceland | 1 January 1993 | See Czech Republic–Iceland relations
|
Ireland | 1929 |
|
Italy | See Czech Republic–Italy relations
| |
Kosovo | 2008 | See Czech Republic–Kosovo relations
|
Latvia | 9 September 1991 |
|
Lithuania | 5 January 1922 |
|
Luxembourg |
| |
Malta |
| |
Moldova | See Czech Republic–Moldova relations | |
Netherlands | 13 November 1919 |
|
North Macedonia | See Czech Republic–North Macedonia relations
| |
Poland | See Poland–Czech Republic relations
Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO. They share 796 km (495 mi) of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement. | |
Portugal |
| |
Romania | 6 April 1919 | |
Russia | See Czech Republic–Russia relations
The present day relations between the two countries have deteriorated in the wake of events such as the Russian annexation of Crimea, the 2014 Vrbětice ammunition warehouses explosions, and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Russia also has further reduced its oil deliveries to the Czech Republic.
| |
Serbia | 1918 |
|
Slovakia | 1 January 1993 | See Czech Republic–Slovakia relations
Before 1918, both countries were part of Austria-Hungary, and between 1918 and 1 January 1993, both countries were part of Czechoslovakia.
|
Slovenia |
| |
Spain | See Czech Republic–Spain relations
| |
Sweden | See Czech Republic–Sweden relations
| |
Switzerland |
| |
Ukraine | See Czech Republic–Ukraine relations
| |
United Kingdom | See Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations
HM Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom paid a state visit to the Czech Republic in March 1996.[182] |
Multilateral relations
[edit]See also
[edit]- List of diplomatic missions in the Czech Republic
- Visa policy of the Schengen Area
- Visa requirements for Czech citizens
- Visa (document)#Visa restrictions
References
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