Ichor
 | This article possibly contains original research. (April 2019) |
In Greek mythology, ichor (/ˈaɪkər/) is the ethereal fluid that is the blood of the gods and/or immortals. The Ancient Greek word ἰχώρ (ikhṓr) is of uncertain etymology, and has been suggested to be a foreign word, possibly the Pre-Greek substrate.[1]
In classical myth
[edit]Ichor originates in Greek mythology, where it is the "ethereal fluid" that is the blood of the Greek gods, sometimes said to retain the qualities of the immortals' food and drink, ambrosia and nectar.[2] Ichor is described as toxic to humans, killing them instantly if they came in contact with it.[3][4] Great heroes and demigods occasionally attacked gods and released ichor, but gods rarely did so to each other in Homeric myth.[citation needed]
Iliad V. 339–342:
[not] Blood follow'd, but immortal ichor pure,
Such as the blest inhabitants of heav'n<
May bleed, nectareous; for the Gods eat not
Man's food, nor slake as he with sable wine
Their thirst, thence bloodless and from death exempt.†
† We are not to understand that the poet ascribes the immortality of the Gods to their abstinence from the drink and food of man, for most animals partake of neither, but the expression is elliptic and requires to be supplied thus – they drink not wine but nectar, eat not the food of mortals, but ambrosia; thence it is that they are bloodless and exempt from death.— W. Cowper,[2] citing a remark by J. de Villoison
In Ancient Crete, tradition told of Talos, a giant man of bronze. When Cretan mythology was appropriated by the Greeks, they imagined him more like the Colossus of Rhodes. He possessed a single vein running with ichor that was stoppered by a nail in his back. Talos guarded Europa on Crete and threw boulders at intruders, until the Argonauts came after the acquisition of the Golden Fleece, and the sorceress Medea took out the nail, releasing the ichor and killing him.[5]
It [a magical herb] first appeared in a plant that sprang from the blood-like ichor of Prometheus in his torment, which the flesh-eating Eagle had dropped on the spurs of the Kaukasos.[6][full citation needed]
Prometheus was a Titan, who made humans and stole fire from the gods and gave it to the mortals, and consequently was punished by Zeus for all eternity. Prometheus was chained to a rock for his sin, and his liver was eaten daily by an eagle. His liver would then regrow, just to be eaten again, repeated for all eternity. Prometheus bled ichor, a golden, blood-like substance that would cause a magical herb to sprout when it touched the ground.
In medicine
[edit]In pathology, "ichor" is an antiquated term for a watery discharge from a wound or ulcer, with an unpleasant or fetid (offensive) smell.[7]
The Greek Christian writer Clement of Alexandria deliberately confounded ichor in its medical sense as a foul-smelling watery discharge from a wound or ulcer with its mythological sense as the blood of the gods, in a polemic against the pagan Greek gods. As part of his evidence that they are merely mortal, he cites several cases in which the gods are wounded physically, and then asserts that
if there are wounds, there is blood. For the ichor of the poets is more repulsive than blood; for the putrefaction of blood is called ichor.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, R. S. P. (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Brill. pp. 607–08.
- ^ a b
Homer (1802). Johnson, John (ed.). The Iliad of Homer. Vol. 1. Translated by Cowper, William. Iliad V, 364–382 (p. 153).
Translated into English blank verse
- ^ "Ichor". Greek Mythology (greekmythology.com). Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ "Ichor – ancient Greek element". Greek Gods & Goddesses. Greek Gods & Goddesses. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ Smith, William (1849). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. III. London, UK. p. 973.
- ^ Rhodius, Apollonius. The Argonautica. p. 844.
- ^ "Ichor". Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedia (definition).
- ^ Clement of Alexandria. "Protrepticus". Exhortation to the Heathen. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
External links
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