Tabletop game

Chess and its relatives have been popular for centuries

Tabletop games or tabletops are games that are normally played on a table or other flat surface, such as board games, card games, dice games, miniature wargames, tabletop role-playing games, or tile-based games.

Classification according to equipment used

Tabletop games can be classified according to the general form, or equipment utilized:

Game category	Game examples
Board games	Adventure board games, adventure gamebooks, backgammon, chess, German-style board games, go, reversi, Mancala, Shogi, Gomoku, Four-in-a-row (or Yonmoku), Tic-tac-toe (or Sanmoku, Three-in-a-row)
Card games	solitaire, collectible card games, hanafuda, tarot card games, poker
Dexterity games	Jenga, Crokinole, Klask, Hungry Hungry Hippos, Loopin' Louie, Terror in Meeple City, Don't Break the Ice, Crossbows and Catapults, Knucklebones, Twister, PitchCar
Dice games	bunco, craps, poker dice, sic bo, yahtzee
Paper and pencil games	Battleship, Connect 5, dots and boxes, hangman, sprouts, sudoku
Tabletop role-playing games	Dungeons & Dragons, Pathfinder Roleplaying Game
Strategy games	wargames, government simulation games, miniatures games
Tile-based games	15 puzzle, anagrams, dominoes, mahjong, mahjong solitaire
Tabletop sports	See article.

Games like chess and draughts are examples of games belonging to the board game category. Other games, however, use various attributes and cannot be classified unambiguously (e.g. Monopoly and many modern eurogames utilize a board as well as dice and cards).

For several of these categories there are sub-categories and even sub-sub-categories or genres. For instance, German-style board games, board wargames, and roll-and-move games are all types of board games that differ markedly in style and general interest.

Tabletop game components

The various specialized parts, pieces, and tools used for playing tabletop games may include:

• Stopwatch, clock, hourglass or egg timer
• Meeples, Miniature figures, pawn, or playing piece
• Gambling chips or play money
• Game board
• Game box or container
• Scoreboard or paper pad
• Cardboard Counter, Dial Counter, Marker or peg for keeping score/tally
• Pencil
• Rule manuals
• Ruler or measuring device
• Modelling clay
• Gamemaster's screen
• Bowls, trays, or component organizers
• Stickers often used in Legacy games
• Card sleeves used in games that have a "Card Crafting System"
• Randomizers such as:
  • Coins
  • Dice, which can include polyhedral dice
  • Dice tower or Dice cup
  • Playing cards, which can be collectible cards
  • Shuffling machine
  • Tiles
  • Tops, such as Teetotums or Dreidels
  • Drawstring bag
  • Spinners
  • Bones, Cowrie Shells, or Stick dice, used in ancient games

A refereed game could also include various aids to play, including scenario packs and computer game aids. Role-playing games can include campaign settings and various supplementary manuals and notes.

Classification according to elements of chance

As an alternative to classifying games by equipment, they can also be classified according to the elements of chance involved. In game theory, two fundamentally different elements of chance can play a role:

• Chance due to outcome uncertainty, e.g. due to dice rolls or due to unknown cards being dealt during the game. Games in which outcome uncertainty plays a role are referred to as stochastic games as opposed to deterministic games.
• Chance due to state uncertainty, e.g. due to the opponent's position or cards not being visible, or due to the simultaneous move character of the game. Games in which state uncertainty plays a role are referred to as partial or imperfect information games as opposed to full or perfect information games.

Examples of the chance classification for some well-known tabletop games are given in the table below.

	Full/perfect information	Partial/imperfect information
Deterministic	Chess Shogi Xiangqi Draughts Go Gomoku Hex Mancala Reversi Dots and boxes Phutball Abalone Lines of Action Domineering Nine men's morris	Contract bridge
Stochastic	Backgammon Monopoly Craps Roulette Yahtzee Pig Scribbage Parcheesi	Poker Blackjack Gin rummy Scrabble Canasta Risk Mahjong

Organizations

List of organizations that sponsor events featuring tabletop games:

• Board Game Geek organizes BGG.CON
• PAX hosts PAX Unplugged
• Geek & Sundry promotes an annual International TableTop Day
• The Organization of Gamers & Roleplaying Enthusiasts (O.G.R.E.s) organizes tabletop events for OMGcon
• White Wolf Publishing's Camarilla
• Wizards of the Coast own RPGA
• The Historical Miniatures Gaming Society promotes historical miniatures wargaming and organizes wargaming events such as Historicon
• SaltCON LLC organizes SaltCON and the Ion Award competition for unpublished tabletop games

Numerous independent, local groups run by gamers exist to play tabletop games. Additionally, many colleges have student run organizations pertaining solely to table top gaming. The Collegiate Association of Table Top Gamers is one such organization that has a few chapters at different schools.

Digital tabletop games

Main article: Digital tabletop game

Digital tabletops games are digital variations of tabletop games, which include straight reproductions of existing physical tabletop games, video games that use tabletop game principles as part of their gameplay mechanics, and tabletop simulators that provide a virtual tabletop for conducting tabletop games online.

See also

• History of games