Greens–European Free Alliance

The Greens/European
Free Alliance
The Greens/European; Free Alliance
European Parliament group
Name	The Greens/European Free Alliance
English abbr.	Greens/EFA
French abbr.	Verts/ALE
Formal name	Parliamentary Group of The Greens/European Free Alliance in the European Parliament
Ideology	Green politics
Political position	Centre-left to left-wing
European parties	European Green Party (majority); Volt Europa (majority); European Free Alliance (minority); European Pirate Party (majority)
From	1999; 25 years ago
Preceded by	The Green Group; European Radical Alliance
Chaired by	Bas Eickhout; Terry Reintke
MEP(s)	53 / 720
Website	greens-efa.eu

The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) is a political group of the European Parliament composed primarily of green political parties.^[5]^[6]^[7]

The group consists of four distinct European political parties, namely the European Green Party (EGP), Volt Europa (Volt), part of the European Free Alliance (EFA) and the European Pirate Party (PPEU).

History

Formed following the 1999 European elections for the 5th European Parliament, the group has generally limited its membership to progressive parties.^[8] These European parties are joined by MEPs from non-aligned national parties, which have included the Dutch Europe Transparent (2004–2009) and the Swedish (2009–2014), German (2014–) and Czech (2019–) Pirate Parties.^[9]

9th European Parliament

On 9 June 2019, following a pan-European vote of party members, Volt Europa chose to join the Greens–European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament.^[10]^[11]

10th European Parliament

On 19 June 2024, the group elected Bas Eickhout, and re-elected Terry Reintke, as Co-Presidents of the group.^[12] On 25 June, the group elected the members of its bureau.^[13]

MEPs

10th European Parliament

State	National party		MEPs^[14]
Austria	The Greens – The Green Alternative	EGP	2 / 20
Belgium	Ecolo	EGP	1 / 8
Belgium	Green	EGP	1 / 12
Croatia	We can!	EGP	1 / 12
Czech Republic	Czech Pirate Party	PPEU	1 / 21
Denmark	Green Left	EGP	3 / 15
Finland	Green League	EGP	2 / 15
France	The Ecologists	EGP	5 / 81
Germany	Alliance 90/The Greens	EGP	12 / 96
Germany	Volt Germany Volt Deutschland (Volt)	Volt Europa	3 / 96
Italy	Green Europe	EGP	4 / 76
Latvia	The Progressives	EGP	1 / 9
Lithuania	Union of Democrats "For Lithuania"	EGP	1 / 11
Luxembourg	The Greens	EGP	1 / 6
Netherlands	GreenLeft	EGP	4 / 31
Netherlands	Volt Netherlands Volt Nederland (Volt)	Volt Europa	2 / 31
Romania	Independent Nicolae Ștefănuță	Independent	1 / 33
Slovenia	Vesna - Green Party	EGP	1 / 9
Spain	Republican Left of Catalonia	EFA	1 / 61
	Galician Nationalist Bloc	EFA	1 / 61
	Catalunya en Comú	EGP associate member	1 / 61
	Més–Compromís	EFA	1 / 61
Sweden	Green Party	EGP	3 / 21
European Union	Total		53 / 720

9th European Parliament

State	National party		MEPs^[15]
Austria	The Greens – The Green Alternative Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne)	EGP	3 / 19
Belgium	Ecolo	EGP	2 / 8
Belgium	Green Groen	EGP	1 / 12
Czech Republic	Czech Pirate Party Česká pirátská strana (Piráti)	PPEU	3 / 21
Denmark	Green Left Socialistisk Folkeparti (SF)	EGP	2 / 14
Finland	Green League Vihreä liitto (Vihr)	EGP	3 / 14
France	Europe Ecology – The Greens Europe Écologie Les Verts (EELV)	EGP	10 / 79
	Let's Do Corsica Femu a Corsica (FaC)	EFA individual member	1 / 79
	Breton Democratic Union Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh (UDB)	EFA	1 / 79
Germany	Alliance 90/The Greens Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (Grüne)	EGP	21 / 96
	Ecological Democratic Party Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei (ÖDP)	EFA individual member	1 / 96
	Pirate Party Germany Piratenpartei Deutschland (Piraten)	PPEU	1 / 96
	Volt Germany Volt Deutschland (Volt)	Volt Europa	1 / 96
	Independent Nico Semsrott	Independent	1 / 96
Greece	Kosmos Κόσμος	None	1 / 21
Italy	Territorial Equity Movement Movimento Equità Territoriale (MET)	EFA individual member	1 / 76
Italy	Independents Ignazio Corrao, Rosa D'Amato	Independent	2 / 76
Ireland	Green Party Comhaontas Glas	EGP	2 / 13
Lithuania	Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga (LVŽS)	None	2 / 11
Luxembourg	The Greens Déi Gréng (DG)	EGP	1 / 6
Netherlands	GreenLeft GroenLinks (GL)	EGP	3 / 29
Poland	Independent Sylwia Spurek	Independent	1 / 52
Portugal	Independent Francisco Guerreiro	Independent	1 / 21
Romania	Independent Nicolae Ștefănuță	Independent	1 / 33
Spain	Republican Left of Catalonia Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC)	EFA	2 / 59
Spain	Galician Nationalist Bloc Bloque Nacionalista Galego (BNG)	EFA	1 / 59
Sweden	Green Party Miljöpartiet de gröna (MP)	EGP	3 / 21
European Union	Total		72 / 705

8th European Parliament

State	National party		MEPs 2014^[16]
Austria	The Greens – The Green Alternative	EGP	3 / 18
Belgium	Ecolo	EGP	1 / 21
Belgium	Green	EGP	1 / 21
Croatia	ORaH^{[B 1]}	EGP	1 / 11
Denmark	Socialist People's Party	EGP	1 / 13
Estonia	Indrek Tarand (independent)	Independent^[17]	1 / 6
Finland	Green League	EGP	1 / 13
France	Europe Ecology – The Greens^{[B 2]}	EGP	6 / 74
Germany	Alliance '90/The Greens	EGP	11 / 96
	Pirate Party	PPEU	1 / 96
	Ecological Democratic Party	None	1 / 96
Hungary	Politics Can Be Different	EGP	1 / 21
Hungary	Dialogue for Hungary	None	1 / 21
Italy	Federation of the Greens	EGP	1 / 73
Latvia	Latvian Russian Union	EFA	1 / 8
Lithuania	Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union	None	1 / 11
Luxembourg	The Greens	EGP	1 / 6
Netherlands	GreenLeft	EGP	2 / 26
Spain	Republican Left of Catalonia^{[B 3]}	EFA	1 / 54
	Initiative for Catalonia Greens	EGP	1 / 54
	Coalició Compromís	EFA	1 / 54
	New Catalan Left	EFA	1 / 54
Slovenia	Verjamem	None	1 / 8
Sweden	Green Party	EGP	4 / 20
United Kingdom	Green Party of England and Wales	EGP	3 / 73
	Scottish National Party	EFA	2 / 73
	Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales	EFA	1 / 73
European Union	Total		52 / 751

7th European Parliament

State	National party		MEPs 2009^[18]
Austria	The Greens – The Green Alternative	EGP	2 / 19
Belgium	Ecolo	EGP	2 / 22
	Green	EGP	1 / 22
	New Flemish Alliance^{[B 4]}	EFA	1 / 22
Denmark	Socialist People's Party	EGP	1 / 13
Estonia	Indrek Tarand (independent)	Independent^[17]	1 / 6
Finland	Green League	EGP	2 / 13
France	The Greens	EGP	15 / 74
France	Party of the Corsican Nation	EFA	1 / 72
Germany	Alliance '90/The Greens	EGP	14 / 99
Greece	Ecologist Greens	EGP	1 / 22
Latvia	Latvian Russian Union	EFA	1 / 9
Luxembourg	The Greens	EGP	1 / 6
Netherlands	GreenLeft	EGP	3 / 26
Spain	Republican Left of Catalonia^{[B 3]}	EFA	1 / 54
Spain	Initiative for Catalonia Greens	EGP	1 / 54
Sweden	Green Party	EGP	2 / 20
Sweden	Pirate Party	PPEU	2 / 20
United Kingdom	Green Party of England and Wales	EGP	2 / 73
	Scottish National Party	EFA	2 / 73
	Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales	EFA	1 / 73
European Union	Total		55 / 751

6th European Parliament

State	National party		MEPs 2004
Austria	The Greens – The Green Alternative	EGP	2 / 19
Belgium	Ecolo	EGP	1 / 24
Belgium	Green	EGP	1 / 24
Denmark	Socialist People's Party	EGP	1 / 14
Finland	Green League	EGP	1 / 14
France	The Greens	EGP	6 / 78
France	Party of the Corsican Nation	EFA	1 / 78
Germany	Alliance '90/The Greens	EGP	13 / 99
Italy	Federation of the Greens	EGP	2 / 78
Latvia	Latvian Russian Union	EFA	1 / 9
Luxembourg	The Greens	EGP	1 / 6
Netherlands	GreenLeft	EGP	2 / 23
Netherlands	Europe Transparent	None	2 / 23
Romania	László Tőkés (independent)^{[B 5]}	Independent	1 / 35
Spain	Republican Left of Catalonia^{[B 3]}	EFA	1 / 54
Spain	Initiative for Catalonia Greens	EGP	1 / 54
Sweden	Green Party	EGP	1 / 19
United Kingdom	Green Party of England and Wales	EGP	2 / 78
	Scottish National Party	EFA	2 / 78
	Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales	EFA	1 / 78
European Union	Total		42 / 751

5th European Parliament

State	National party		MEPs 1999
Austria	The Greens – The Green Alternative	EGP	2 / 21
Belgium	Ecolo	EGP	3 / 25
	Green	EGP	2 / 25
	People's Union	EFA	2 / 25
Denmark	Socialist People's Party	EGP	1 / 16
Finland	Green League	EGP	2 / 15
France	The Greens	EGP	9 / 87
Germany	Alliance '90/The Greens	EGP	7 / 99
Italy	Federation of the Greens	EGP	2 / 87
Ireland	Green Party	EGP	2 / 15
Luxembourg	The Greens	EGP	1 / 6
Netherlands	GreenLeft	EGP	2 / 23
Spain	Eusko Alkartasuna	PNV	1 / 63
	Basque Nationalist Party	PNV	1 / 63
	Andalusian Party	EC	1 / 63
	Galician Nationalist Bloc	EFA	1 / 63
Sweden	Green Party	EGP	2 / 22
United Kingdom	Green Party of England and Wales	EGP	2 / 87
	Scottish National Party	EFA	2 / 87
	Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales	EFA	2 / 87
European Union	Total		48 / 626

^ From 20 April 2016 the MEP Davor Škrlec become independent
^ For 2019 it include Benoît Biteau, an independent politician
^ ^a ^b ^c Until 31 December 2011.
^ From 2004 to 2009 with EPP-ED and from 2014 with ECR
^ Realigned with the EPP since 2009

Group leadership

Presidents

The Greens/EFA group is usually co-chaired by 2 presidents, at least one of them must be a woman.

Co-chairperson	Took office	Left office	Country (Constituency)	Party	Co-chairperson	Took office	Left office	Country (Constituency)	Party
Paul Lannoye	1999	2004	Belgium (French)	Ecolo	Heidi Hautala	1999	2004	Finland	Green League
Daniel Cohn-Bendit	2004	2014	Germany	Alliance 90/ The Greens	Monica Frassoni	2004	2009	Italy (North-West)	Federation of the Greens
Daniel Cohn-Bendit	2004	2014	Germany	Alliance 90/ The Greens	Rebecca Harms	2009	2016	Germany	Alliance 90/ The Greens
Philippe Lamberts	2014	2024	Belgium (French)	Ecolo	Rebecca Harms	2009	2016	Germany	Alliance 90/ The Greens
					Ska Keller	2016	2022	Germany	Alliance 90/ The Greens
					Terry Reintke	2022	present	Germany	Alliance 90/ The Greens
Bas Eickhout	2024	present	Netherlands	GroenLinks	Terry Reintke	2022	present	Germany	Alliance 90/ The Greens

Bureau

2024–present

Group bureau during the 10th European Parliament.^[13]

Position	Name	National Party
Co-President	Bas Eickhout	GroenLinks	EGP
Co-President	Terry Reintke	The Greens	EGP
Treasurer and Vice-President	Kira Marie Peter-Hansen	Green Left	EGP
Vice-President	Alice Bah Kuhnke	Green Party	EGP
Vice-President	Marie Toussaint	The Ecologists	EGP
Vice-President	Virginijus Sinkevičius	Union of Democrats	EGP
Vice-President	Ignazio Marino	Green Europe	EGP
Vice-President	Sergey Lagodinsky	The Greens	EGP
President of the EFA delegation	Diana Riba	Republican Left of Catalonia	EFA

European Parliament results

Election year	No. of overall seats won	+/–
1999	48 / 626	48
2004	42 / 732	6
2009	55 / 736	13
2014	50 / 751	5
2019 (pre-Brexit)	74 / 751 ^[19]	24
2019 (post-Brexit)	69 / 705	5
2024	53 / 720	16

References

^ "Who we are". Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
^ "Qui sommes-nous ?" Archived 23 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
^ "The Greens – The Green Alternative". The Democratic Society. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
^ "Austrian government teeters as Greens seek options to oust PM Kurz". Reuters. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
^ Tapio Raunio (2012). "Political Interests: The European Parliament's Party Groups". In John Peterson; Michael Shackleton (eds.). The Institutions of the European Union. Oxford University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-19-957498-8.
^ Andreas Staab (2011). The European Union Explained, Second Edition: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact. Indiana University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-253-00164-1.
^ Lori Thorlakson (2013). "Federalism and the European Party System". In Alexander H. Trechsel (ed.). Towards a Federal Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-317-99818-1.
^ Gupta, Devashree (April 2008). "Nationalism across borders: transnational nationalist advocacy in the European Union". Comparative European Politics. 6 (1): 61–80. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110127. S2CID 144152782.
^ "VoteWatch Europe: European Parliament, Council of the EU" Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Votewatch.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
^ @EuropeElects (9 June 2019). "EU28: Volt Europa membership vote on..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ Petitjean, Euranet Plus News Agency | Sophie (12 June 2019). "Volt Europa : "We need European solutions to European problems"".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "GREENS/EFA Group elects Bas Eickhout and Terry Reintke as Co-Presidents". Greens/EFA Group. 19 June 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Greens/EFA Group elects bureau". Greens/EFA. 25 June 2024.
^ "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 17 July 2024.
^ "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
^ See the 2014 European Parliament election results.
^ ^a ^b "Indrek Tarand". European Parliament. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
^ "List of elected MEPs". Greens-efa.eu. Archived 9 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ "2019 Election Results" Archived 27 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Election-Results.eu. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

External links

Official website Archived 22 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine

[17] From 20 April 2016 the MEP Davor Škrlec become independent

[:0-19] For 2019 it include Benoît Biteau, an independent politician

[:1-20] Until 31 December 2011.

[22] From 2004 to 2009 with EPP-ED and from 2014 with ECR

[23] Realigned with the EPP since 2009

[1] "Who we are". Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.

[2] "Qui sommes-nous ?" Archived 23 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.

[3] "The Greens – The Green Alternative". The Democratic Society. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2018.

[4] "Austrian government teeters as Greens seek options to oust PM Kurz". Reuters. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.

[Raunio2012-5] Tapio Raunio (2012). "Political Interests: The European Parliament's Party Groups". In John Peterson; Michael Shackleton (eds.). The Institutions of the European Union. Oxford University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-19-957498-8.

[Staab2011-6] Andreas Staab (2011). The European Union Explained, Second Edition: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact. Indiana University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-253-00164-1.

[Thorlakson2013-7] Lori Thorlakson (2013). "Federalism and the European Party System". In Alexander H. Trechsel (ed.). Towards a Federal Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-317-99818-1.

[8] Gupta, Devashree (April 2008). "Nationalism across borders: transnational nationalist advocacy in the European Union". Comparative European Politics. 6 (1): 61–80. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110127. S2CID 144152782.

[9] "VoteWatch Europe: European Parliament, Council of the EU" Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Votewatch.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.

[10] @EuropeElects (9 June 2019). "EU28: Volt Europa membership vote on..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.

[11] Petitjean, Euranet Plus News Agency | Sophie (12 June 2019). "Volt Europa : "We need European solutions to European problems"".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[12] "GREENS/EFA Group elects Bas Eickhout and Terry Reintke as Co-Presidents". Greens/EFA Group. 19 June 2024.

[2024-bureau-13] "Greens/EFA Group elects bureau". Greens/EFA. 25 June 2024.

[14] "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 17 July 2024.

[15] "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 9 December 2022.

[16] See the 2014 European Parliament election results.

[:0-18] "Indrek Tarand". European Parliament. Retrieved 19 October 2018.

[21] "List of elected MEPs". Greens-efa.eu. Archived 9 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

[24] "2019 Election Results" Archived 27 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Election-Results.eu. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

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